Private Pilot License (PPL)
Your first license. 8 theory subjects and 60 flight hours in total (45 with an instructor and 15 solo), then 8 written exams and a flight test.
- Time
- Around 6 months
- Leads to
- The Night and Instrument Ratings, on the way to the commercial license
Night Rating
Adds night flying to your license: one theory subject and 10 hours of flying with an instructor, flight test included.
- Time
- 2 weeks to 1 month
- Leads to
- The Instrument Rating
Instrument Rating (IR)
Teaches you to fly on instruments alone, in cloud and poor visibility: 2 more theory subjects (instrument flying and radio navigation) and 30 hours of instrument time in total.
- Time
- About 1 month
- Leads to
- The Multi-Engine Rating and the commercial license
Multi-Engine Rating (MER)
Qualifies you to fly aircraft with more than one engine: 10 hours of flying with an instructor, flight test included.
- Time
- About 2 weeks
- Leads to
- The commercial license; the type and instructor ratings both require it
Commercial Pilot License (CPL): 200 Hours
The professional pilot license. 200 flight hours in total, of which at least 100 solo as pilot in command and at least 100 with an instructor; 19 theory subjects in all, 8 written exams and a CPL flight test.
- Time
- 12 to 18 months from your first lesson
- Leads to
- The type rating, the instructor rating or ATPL theory
Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL)
The license airline captains hold. 6 more theory subjects (25 in all) and 6 written exams. The full license needs 1,500 flight hours in total (ICAO), built up after the CPL.
- Time
- ATPL theory takes 12 to 18 months, depending on your pace
- Entry
- A CPL with an Instrument Rating
Type Rating (A320 – B737 NG)
Qualifies you on a specific airliner: the Airbus A320 or the Boeing 737 NG (737-700, -800 and -900; the 737 MAX is not covered). 64 hours of flight and full-flight-simulator training, no written exams.
- Time
- 40 to 50 days
- Entry
- A valid CPL with Instrument and Multi-Engine Ratings
Flight Instructor Rating (CFI)
Qualifies you to teach others to fly: 2 theory subjects, 15 hours of flying with an instructor and 5 in the simulator, plus 20 hours of briefing on the ground.
- Time
- 2 months
- Entry
- A valid CPL with Instrument and Multi-Engine Ratings







