\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Cessna 172 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Airbus A380\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 “Flight Panel” \u0623\u0648 “Six Pack” \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Glass Cockpit) \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 PFD (Primary Flight Display)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Analog) \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u063a\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n
\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629: \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (Airspeed Indicator)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 (Altimeter)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Vertical Speed Indicator)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629) \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u063a\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0649 (Attitude Indicator)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0641 (Turn Coordinator)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 (Heading Indicator)<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649 (Autopilot).<\/p>\n \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Heading Indicator.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 (Knots) \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 (mph). \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640 Pitot-Static\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Pitot \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Pitot \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629: \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 (\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 (\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 (\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Flaps). \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642: \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/p>\n \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642. \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u2014 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 Pitch (\u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629): \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 15 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629: \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641 5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0639\u062f \u2014 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 Bank (\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d): 10\u060c 20\u060c 30\u060c 45\u060c 60\u060c 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 60 \u064890 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0649.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 (MSL - Mean Sea Level) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Static Port: \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 Barometric Pressure \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0649 (\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 Kollsman Window)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0646 ATC \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0641 3 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 “Standard Rate Turn” \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 “2 MIN” \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0641\u062a 360 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a (Procedure Turns).<\/p>\n \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 (Coordinated Turn). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u062a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 (Rudder) \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 359 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 Heading Indicator \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 (Acceleration Errors)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Alignment) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0640 Precession \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0642\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 VOR \u0648GPS \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0637.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (fpm). \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Static Port: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b 500 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 1000-1500 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629: VSI \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 (Lag) \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Altimeter \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 “Basic T” \u0623\u0648 “Standard Six”:<\/p>\n \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629 (Scan Pattern) \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 “T-scan” \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Cessna 182 NAV III \u0648Piper Archer DX \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0640 Primary Flight Display (PFD) \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 + \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Vspeeds \u0648Trend Vectors. \u0627\u0644\u0640 Multi-Function Display (MFD) \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 Cockpit Check. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n \u0623\u0649 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 No-Go \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0649 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641. \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 Aircraft Technical \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0649.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u061f \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Cessna 172 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Airbus A380\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 “Flight Panel” \u0623\u0648 “Six Pack” \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1321,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4609"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4609\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}2. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 (Gyroscope)<\/h3>\n
3. \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n
1. \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (Airspeed Indicator)<\/h3>\n
2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0649 (Attitude Indicator)<\/h3>\n
3. \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 (Altimeter)<\/h3>\n
4. \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0641 (Turn Coordinator)<\/h3>\n
5. \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 (Heading Indicator)<\/h3>\n
6. \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Vertical Speed Indicator - VSI)<\/h3>\n
\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Basic T)<\/h2>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (Glass Cockpit)<\/h2>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644<\/h2>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\n