{"id":4472,"date":"2018-08-12T13:11:19","date_gmt":"2018-08-12T11:11:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d8%a9-aircraft-engines\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T02:12:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T00:12:40","slug":"%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d8%a9-aircraft-engines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d8%a9-aircraft-engines\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (Aircraft Engines): \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (Aircraft Engines) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 Thrust\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 FAA \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Reciprocating) \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Gas-turbine)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Piston \u0648Turboprop \u0648Jet \u0648Turboshaft \u0648Electric \u0648Rocket.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 Aircraft Engines \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 “\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644” \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0640 Turboprop \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0640 Turbofan \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0640 Turboshaft \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Piston \/ Reciprocating<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c GA \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Turboprop<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Turbojet<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\nThrust \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Turbofan<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 Business Jets<\/td>\n\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Turboshaft<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 Rotorcraft<\/td>\n\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Electric<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0649\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rocket \/ Ramjet<\/strong><\/td>\nSpaceplane\/\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/td>\n\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hybrid-Electric<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/a> \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Airframe \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 Powerplant \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n

Piston Engines: \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Reciprocating) \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0640 FAA \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 Piston Engines:<\/h4>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637 (Otto Cycle):<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Intake:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n
  2. Compression:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u064a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637<\/li>\n
  3. Power:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n
  4. Exhaust:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651<\/li>\n
    • \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n
    • \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
    • \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n
    • \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n
    • \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n
    • \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 (\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0640 APU)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628:<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n
      • \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
      • \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651<\/li>\n
      • \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/li>\n
      • \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 Avgas (100LL) \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 Jet A<\/li>\n
      • \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 (2,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 TBO)<\/li>\n
      • \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • Lycoming IO-360 (Cessna 172)<\/li>\n
        • Continental O-200 (Cessna 150)<\/li>\n
        • Rotax 912 (\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629)<\/li>\n
        • Continental IO-550 (Bonanza)<\/li>\n
        • Lycoming IO-540 (Cirrus SR22)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a Piston:<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • Horizontal Opposed:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Lycoming, Continental)<\/li>\n
          • Radial:<\/strong> \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0649 (Wright R-3350)<\/li>\n
          • Inline:<\/strong> \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646<\/li>\n
          • V-type:<\/strong> \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Turboprop: \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0629<\/h3>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0640 Turboprop \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062b\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

            \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a Turboprop:<\/h4>\n
              \n
            • Intake<\/li>\n
            • Compressor (\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644)<\/li>\n
            • Combustion Chamber<\/li>\n
            • Turbine (\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0649)<\/li>\n
            • Power Turbine (\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f)<\/li>\n
            • Gearbox (\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629)<\/li>\n
            • Propeller<\/li>\n
            • Exhaust<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/h4>\n
                \n
              • \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (ATR 72, Bombardier Q400)<\/li>\n
              • \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
              • \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (C-130 Hercules)<\/li>\n
              • \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (King Air)<\/li>\n
              • \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/li>\n
              • \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (MC-130)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/h4>\n
                  \n
                • \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a 250-450 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n
                • \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/li>\n
                • \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 Avgas)<\/li>\n
                • \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
                • \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n
                • Thrust \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
                • \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 Reverse Thrust (\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628:<\/h4>\n
                    \n
                  • \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 500 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n
                  • \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/li>\n
                  • \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 Piston<\/li>\n
                  • \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/li>\n
                  • \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Turboprops \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/h4>\n
                      \n
                    • Pratt & Whitney PT6A<\/li>\n
                    • General Electric CT7<\/li>\n
                    • Rolls-Royce AE 2100<\/li>\n
                    • Honeywell TPE331<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Turbojet: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0649<\/h3>\n

                      \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u064e\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. Thrust \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n

                      \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/h4>\n
                        \n
                      • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F-86, MiG-15)<\/li>\n
                      • \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
                      • Concorde (\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648-\u062c\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645)<\/li>\n
                      • SR-71 Blackbird (Pratt & Whitney J58)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a:<\/h4>\n

                        \u0627\u0644\u0640 Turbofan \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (0.78-0.85 Mach). \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Turbofan.<\/p>\n

                        Turbofan: \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/h3>\n

                        \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Turbojet \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (70-85%) \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 (Bypass)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c Thrust \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n

                        Bypass Ratio:<\/h4>\n

                        \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0651 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0651 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Low Bypass (0.2-2):<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a (F-16, F-35)<\/li>\n
                        • High Bypass (4-8):<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Boeing 737, Airbus A320)<\/li>\n
                        • Ultra High Bypass (8-12+):<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b (Boeing 787, A350, Pratt & Whitney PW1000G)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/h4>\n
                            \n
                          • \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
                          • \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n
                          • \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n
                          • \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/li>\n
                          • \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 (20,000+ \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629)<\/li>\n
                          • Thrust to Weight Ratio \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Turbofans:<\/h4>\n
                              \n
                            • CFM56 \u0648 LEAP (A320, 737)<\/li>\n
                            • Rolls-Royce Trent (A350, 787)<\/li>\n
                            • GE90 (777) \u2014 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 Turbofan \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n
                            • GE9X (777X) \u2014 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/li>\n
                            • Pratt & Whitney PW1000G (A220, A320neo) \u2014 Geared Turbofan<\/li>\n
                            • Engine Alliance GP7200 (A380)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              Geared Turbofan (GTF):<\/h4>\n

                              Pratt & Whitney \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 GTF \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 Gearbox \u0628\u064a\u0646 Fan \u0648Low-Pressure Turbine\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649. \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • 16% \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n
                              • 75% \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/li>\n
                              • 50% \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a NOx \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Turboshaft: \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n

                                \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Shaft Power) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 Thrust \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u064e\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

                                \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/h4>\n
                                  \n
                                • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a (Apache, Black Hawk, Bell 407)<\/li>\n
                                • \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (V-22 Osprey)<\/li>\n
                                • \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (APU)<\/li>\n
                                • \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n
                                • Free Power Turbines \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0640 Turboprop \u0644\u0643\u0646:<\/h4>\n
                                    \n
                                  • Power Turbine \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n
                                  • Gearbox \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 Rotor<\/li>\n
                                  • Gas Producer \u0648 Power Section \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    Electric: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n

                                    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

                                    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/h4>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
                                    • \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n
                                    • \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/li>\n
                                    • \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 (\u0644\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0639)<\/li>\n
                                    • \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/li>\n
                                    • \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 +90% (vs 30% \u0644\u0644\u0640 Piston)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f:<\/h4>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631)<\/li>\n
                                      • \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n
                                      • \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631<\/li>\n
                                      • \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b)<\/li>\n
                                      • \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/h4>\n