{"id":4459,"date":"2018-08-14T10:08:09","date_gmt":"2018-08-14T08:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac-runway\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T00:09:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T22:09:55","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac-runway","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%ac-runway\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c (Runway Information): \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0625\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a 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src=\"https:\/\/www.pacificflying.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Runway-cross-section-1280.jpg\" alt=\"\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627\" width=\"665\" height=\"374\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646 Pacific Flying Club \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 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\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 <span class=\"s2\"><b>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/b><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637. \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><b>\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b<\/b><\/h3>\n<figure style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pilotinstitute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-56-1024x569.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\" width=\"1024\" height=\"569\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646 Pilot Institute \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c[\/caption><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/b><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0649<\/b><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0645<\/b><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 (Threshold)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0650\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">REILs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0649.<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064b\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 (Threshold) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a FAA \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u064e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u062d (Displaced Threshold).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0626\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0633. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0627 Displaced Thresholds\u060c \u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0637\u0651\u062d (Flare)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><b>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.boldmethod.com\/images\/learn-to-fly\/regulations\/runway-markings-and-spacing-fly-better-patterns-to-landing-explained\/primary.jpg\" alt=\"\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c - \u0634\u0631\u062d\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 (Aiming Point) \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.faa.gov\/sites\/faa.gov\/files\/16_phak_ch14_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a FAA<\/a> \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0646 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\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c - \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\" width=\"1600\" height=\"800\" \/> \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646 Pilot Institute \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d AIM \u0645\u0646 FAA \u0623\u0646 Runway End Identifier Lights\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 <span class=\"s2\"><b>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/b><\/span> \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0649. \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><b>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>REILs<\/b><\/span>: \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/b><\/span>: \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 2,000 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641<\/b><\/span>: \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\/\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633<\/b><\/span>: \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3,000 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0627\u0644\u0640 PAPI \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 VASI: \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0649<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0627\u0644\u0640 PAPI (Precision Approach Path Indicator) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 VASI (Visual Approach Slope Indicator) \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 PAPI \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>4 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<li><strong>3 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 1 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n<li><strong>2 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 2 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u2713<\/li>\n<li><strong>1 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 3 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n<li><strong>4 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b (\u062e\u0637\u0631!)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646: &#8220;White over red, you&#8217;re dead&#8221; \u2014 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636.<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/b><\/h2>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Visual Runway<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Non-Precision Instrument Runway<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Precision Instrument Runway<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d9%84%d9%89-ils\/\">ILS<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0651)<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0651 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3>Hold Short Lines<\/h3>\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0645\u0646 ATC.<\/p>\n<h3>ILS Critical Area<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 ILS \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>Taxiway Markings<\/h3>\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0651\u0639\u0629 (\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627) \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0649.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Runway Incursion: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0627\u0644\u0640 Runway Incursion (\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a ATC<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0649 \u062e\u0637 Hold Short<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Airport Diagram \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0649 NOTAM\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">NOTAMs (Notices to Airmen) \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>Displaced Thresholds \u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a\u0629 (\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 NOTAMs \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/%d9%81%d8%ad%d8%b5-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Aerodrome \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-aerodromes\/\">Aerodrome<\/a> \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2><b>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 PAPI\/VASI \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 Hold Short Lines \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c (Visual \/ Instrument)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><b>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 PAPI. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0643. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0633\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1293,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-airports"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4459"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4521,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4459\/revisions\/4521"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1293"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}