{"id":4452,"date":"2018-08-08T14:50:27","date_gmt":"2018-08-08T12:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%b9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%86-lift-weight\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T10:39:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T08:39:37","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%b9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%86-lift-weight","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%b9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%86-lift-weight\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0648\u064e\u0651\u062a\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u0642\u0648\u064e\u0651\u062a\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648<\/h1>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 (Lift) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 (Weight) \u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grc.nasa.gov\/www\/k-12\/airplane\/lift1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/thrust-and-drag\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-flight-instruments\/\">\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 (Lift) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0649 (Bernoulli) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0649. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u061b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (Airspeed):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (Air Density):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d (Wing Area):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d (Airfoil Shape):<\/strong> \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 (Camber) \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 (Angle of Attack):<\/strong> \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 (Stall Angle)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Stall.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0649:<\/p>\n<p><strong>L = \u00bd \u00d7 \u03c1 \u00d7 V\u00b2 \u00d7 S \u00d7 CL<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L:<\/strong> \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03c1 (rho):<\/strong> \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (kg\/m\u00b3)<\/li>\n<li><strong>V:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (m\/s)<\/li>\n<li><strong>S:<\/strong> \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li><strong>CL:<\/strong> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 (\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d (Airfoil): \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Cessna 172 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Airbus A380.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Leading Edge):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Trailing Edge):<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chord Line:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Camber:<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thickness:<\/strong> \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 (Weight)\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (Mass) \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 (g = 9.81 m\/s\u00b2). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u0642\u0637\u0628\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0649).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a (Empty Weight):<\/strong> \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f (Fuel Weight):<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 (Payload):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 (Cargo):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0649 (Gross Weight):<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 (MTOW)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 Maximum Take-Off Weight. \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 (Balance) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 MTOW \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>MTOW (kg)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Cessna 172<\/td>\n<td>1,157<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Piper PA-28<\/td>\n<td>1,157<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \/ \u062e\u0627\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cirrus SR22<\/td>\n<td>1,542<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0627\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>King Air 350<\/td>\n<td>6,804<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airbus A320<\/td>\n<td>78,000<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Boeing 777-300ER<\/td>\n<td>351,500<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airbus A380<\/td>\n<td>560,000<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 (Take-Off)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Rotation Speed \u2013 Vr)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651.<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f (Climb)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u0649 (Cruise)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 = \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 (Descent)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062d (Flaps) \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (Pitch).<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c (Landing)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Flare)\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flaps:<\/strong> \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d (Camber) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Slats:<\/strong> \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Stall \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Leading Edge Devices:<\/strong> \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0640 Stall: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0640 Stall (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0649) \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 (Critical Angle). \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Stall \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Stall<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Stall Warning)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0651 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0640 Density Altitude\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/the-atmosphere\/\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651\u0649<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u0649 SkyTeam Aviation Academy<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/\">\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 Aerodynamics \u0636\u0645\u0646 ATPL Ground School\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 Steep Turns \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 Slow Flight \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 Stalls.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Slow Flight:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Stall \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stalls:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Steep Turns:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 45\u00b0 \u0623\u0648 60\u00b0 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0649 (Load Factor).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weight &amp; Balance Calculations:<\/strong> \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0651 \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0649<\/h2>\n<p>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (Carbon Fiber Composites) \u0641\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Boeing 787 \u0648Airbus A350 \u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0649. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Winglets \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0651\u060c \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/\">\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0645<\/a>\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0649.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/airflow-over-a-wing.gif\" alt=\"\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 Stall.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1236,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-principles-of-flight","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4452"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4592,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4452\/revisions\/4592"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}