{"id":4440,"date":"2020-05-06T20:22:34","date_gmt":"2020-05-06T18:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/dme-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T23:51:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T21:51:43","slug":"dme-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/dme-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 DME \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 Distance Measuring Equipment\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640 DME<\/strong>\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span> \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span>. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0640 FAA \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME<\/a> \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 (Slant Range)<\/b><\/span> \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\u0643\u064a\u0641-\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644-DME-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\"
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646: “\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f”<\/b><\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Instrument Procedures)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 (Slant-Range)<\/b><\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629” \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640 FAA \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 (Azimuth)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/b><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 VOR \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Localizer. \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Course \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Flight Instruments)<\/a> \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Paired Pulses)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 (Round-trip Time). \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064e\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 (AIM) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 FAA \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646<\/b><\/span>\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 DME \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 DME Transponder \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640 FAA \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 960 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1215 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/b><\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/em> \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0632\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c (Runway Information)<\/a> \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Instrument Rating<\/a>. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<\/b><\/h3>\n
\"\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628-\u0639\u0644\u0649-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649-\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\"
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0640 FAA \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b “\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646”\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629\u064b. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0649<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0630\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0640 FAA \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 SKYbrary \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0640 DME<\/b><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 (Fixes)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0649 (En-route)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0640 DME.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/b><\/h2>\n

    \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0647\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647<\/b><\/span>. \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0640 FAA \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 (Azimuth) \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0640 VOR<\/strong> \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640 Localizer \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/b><\/p>\n<\/th>\n

    		\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n<\/th>\n

    		\n

    \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/b><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n

    \n

    DME<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    VOR<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0640 Radial \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    Localizer<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    DME + \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0649\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/b><\/h2>\n

    \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 FAA \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640 Instrument Rating\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0640 DME \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0649\u061b \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 DME \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1328,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-principles-of-flight","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4440"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4440\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4493,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4440\/revisions\/4493"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/skyteamaviation.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}